The average facade temperature of the globe has augmented more than 1 degree Fahrenheit since 1900 and the speed of warming has been almost three folds the century long average since 1970. This increase in earth’s average temperature is called Global warming. More or less all specialists studying the climate record of the earth have the same opinion now that human actions, mainly the discharge of green house gases from smokestacks, vehicles, and burning forests, are perhaps the leading power driving the fashion The gases append to the planet's normal greenhouse effect, permitting sunlight in, but stopping some of the ensuing heat from radiating back to space. Based on the study on past climate shifts, notes of current situations, and computer simulations, many climate scientists say that lacking of big curbs in greenhouse gas discharges, the 21st century might see temperatures rise of about 3 to 8 degrees, climate patterns piercingly shift, ice sheets contract and seas rise several feet. With the probable exemption of one more world war, a huge asteroid, or a fatal plague, global warming may be the only most danger to our planet earth.
Building of these structures require a lot of fuel to be burnt which emits a large amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Methane is more than 20 times as effectual as CO2 at entrapping heat in the atmosphere. Methane is obtained from resources such as rice paddies, bovine flatulence, bacteria in bogs and fossil fuel manufacture. When fields are flooded, anaerobic situation build up and the organic matter in the soil decays, releasing methane to the atmosphere. The main sources of nitrous oxide include nylon and nitric acid production, cars with catalytic converters, the use of fertilizers in agriculture and the burning of organic matter. Another cause of global warming is deforestation that is caused by cutting and burning of forests for the purpose of residence and industrialization. Global Warming is Inspiring Scientists to Fight for Awareness
Scientists all over the world are making predictions about the ill effects of Global warming and connecting some of the events that have taken place in the pat few decades as an alarm of global warming. The effect of global warming is increasing the average temperature of the earth. A rise in earth’s temperatures can in turn root to other alterations in the ecology, including an increasing sea level and modifying the quantity and pattern of rainfall. These modifications may boost the occurrence and concentration of severe climate events, such as floods, famines, heat waves, tornados, and twisters. Other consequences may comprise of higher or lower agricultural outputs, glacier melting, lesser summer stream flows, genus extinctions and rise in the ranges of disease vectors. As an effect of global warming species like golden toad, harlequin frog of Costa Rica has already become extinct. There are number of species that have a threat of disappearing soon as an effect of global warming. As an effect of global warming various new diseases have emerged lately. These diseases are occurring frequently due to the increase in earths average temperature since the bacteria can survive better in elevated temperatures and even multiplies faster when the conditions are favorable. The global warming is extending the distribution of mosquitoes due to the increase in humidity levels and their frequent growth in warmer atmosphere. Various diseases due to ebola, hanta and machupo virus are expected due to warmer climates.
Many scientists agree that the earth is warming up due to the addition of anthropogenically produced greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, NOx) to the atmosphere. Current estimates place the expected level of global warming over the next century to be between 1.0 and 4.5 oC. Recent ocean research suggests that the higher end estimate is closer to the truth based on increased heat storage in the oceans.
An increase of 3oC would make this the warmest period in the past 100,000 years, while an increase of 4oC would make the earth the warmest its been since the Eocene Epoch about 40,000,000 years ago.
While the absolute degree change would not make the planet warmer than it has been in the past, the rate at which that change takes place could have major effects on species diversity. Current estimates would put the rate of change at between 15 and 40 times the rate of past natural changes.
Changes is the global temperature patterns would trigger widespread alterations in the rainfall pattern, with some areas receiving a major increase in rainfall, while others experience major droughts. A long term drying trend is predicted for summers in midlatitude interior continental regions, with up to a 40% decrease in precipitation in the Great Plains.
Increased concentrations of CO2 may accelerate the growth of some plants at the expense of others which would destabilize natural communities. Greater warming is expected to occur in higher latitudes, suggesting that temperate and arctic species would be placed in greater danger than their tropical relatives. While continued melting of the ice caps would raise sea level, flooding coastal areas.
SHIFT OF SPECIES RANGES
The most obvious effect of global warmnimng will be the shift in species ranges, since species generally track climatic optima. There is, for instance, abundant fossil evidence from the Pleistocene for shifting plant and animal ranges due to climatic warming and cooling.
Species can shift their ranges both latitudinally (north to south) or through change in elevation (see Figure below). Remember, that a 3oC change in temperature can equally be achieved by a roughly 500m. change in elevation of a 250 km. change in latitude. In the example below species "A" will go extinct locally due to warming, while species "B" will suffer a severe range reduction leading to intensified intra-specific competition for space.